Collator Node - Technical Requirements

Collator Node – Technical Prerequisites

This section outlines the technical prerequisites and responsibilities for operating a Collator node on Energy Web X. It is intended as a reference and should be read alongside the Quick Start guide.

Note Procedural, step-by-step instructions for deployment and onboarding are intentionally excluded here and are covered elsewhere.


1. Deployment Models

Energy Web X supports two collator deployment models, each with different technical responsibilities.

Energy Web Managed Cloud (CaaS)

When using the Launchpad Collator-as-a-Service (CaaS) offering:

  • Infrastructure provisioning, OS configuration, binaries, and networking are managed by Energy Web

  • Operators are not required to provision hardware, install node software, or manage session keys manually

  • Operators remain responsible for:

    • Token balances

    • Governance and staking actions

    • Ongoing operational monitoring and responsiveness

This model is recommended for operators who want a production-ready collator without maintaining low-level infrastructure.

Self-Hosted Collator

When operating a self-hosted collator, the operator assumes full technical responsibility for infrastructure, software, keys, and uptime.


2. Infrastructure & System Requirements (Self-Hosted Only)

Self-hosted collators must meet minimum infrastructure requirements, including:

  • Operating system: Ubuntu LTS

  • Compute & storage: Sufficient CPU cores, memory, and SSD capacity to maintain a full archival node

  • Network: Reliable, low-latency connectivity with required P2P ports open for:

    • Parachain communication

    • Polkadot relay chain communication

These requirements ensure timely block production, synchronization, and network participation.


3. Key and Identity Requirements

All collator operators must manage the following cryptographic identities:

  • One Substrate collator address (EWX)

  • One Ethereum (EVM) address, including its compressed public key

  • Four distinct session keys, used to separate node responsibilities (best practice):

    • aura

    • audi

    • imon

    • avnk

Secure key storage and separation of operational keys are mandatory to reduce the impact of compromise.


4. Network and RPC Dependencies

Collator operation depends on reliable access to external network endpoints, including:

  • EWX bootnodes for parachain connectivity

  • Ethereum mainnet RPC for bridge-related operations

  • Energy Web Chain RPC for EWC interactions

Operators are encouraged to use dedicated RPC providers for production deployments to avoid rate limits and service degradation.


5. On-Chain Prerequisites

Before a collator can participate fully in network operations:

  • The minimum required self-stake must be bonded on EWX

  • Session keys must be registered on-chain

  • Inclusion in the active collator set depends on total stake (self-stake plus delegation)

Meeting the minimum bond alone does not guarantee active participation if the active set threshold is not met, see Business & Token Requirementsarrow-up-right for details.

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